How to build a CNC plasma cutter for £250 :-)


     

After spending some time browsing the web and looking at how other people have built these machines I ended up with the following  specifications:
  1. At least 8' by 4' as this is a standard sheet size.
  2. Stepper motor drive - Servos are faster and not prone to lost steps but they are also much more expensive.
  3. PC control. Why buy a dedicated controller when modern PCs are so powerful?
  4. Positional accuracy +/- 0.5mm. There is no point going  better than that because heat distortion will ensure nothing comes out exactly to size anyway.
  5. Due to a lack of space in my workshop it must be possible to pack the machine away somehow.
  6. It must be constructed from low cost and easily available materials
  7. The rails and drive mechanism must be resistant to the vast amount of abrasive black dust that plasma cutters generate.

After haunting the CAD CAM EDM DRO mailing list for a while I started drawing out some plans. There were three main design problems to overcome.
  1. How to control motors to get accurate movement
  2. How to convert the motor rotary motion to linear motion
  3. Positioning the cutter with minimum backlash


  This is the cutter table. The work is supported with lengths of 25mm angle iron with the points upwards. After a lot of use the angle gets quite messy and has to be replaced.





This is a pic of the setup with monitor, control box and PC











After one motherboard died, presumably due to dust inhalation I turned the power supply fan around so thet the case is slightly pressurised to keep out the dust. The intake is covered with a large foam filter to catch the worst of the dust. The black mark on the filter is after one day's use!








The end result is well worth the effort. The machine will cut 2mm plate at 1.3 metres (51") a minute. The cut out parts are usually within +/- 0.5mm unless I am cutting very thin material which tends to distort badly. My next project will be a good test for the machine. (see the FrankenRover section for more details)

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